| Active components | Two peptides in the same vial | One peptide |
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| Form | Lyophilized powder | Capsule or lyophilized powder |
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| Preparation | Reconstitution with bacteriostatic water | None (capsule) or reconstitution (injectable) |
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| Mechanisms under study | Angiogenesis (BPC-157) and actin regulation (Tβ4) | Mainly angiogenesis and the FAK–paxillin pathway |
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| Research focus | Combination protocols, side-by-side comparison of two mechanisms | Isolated action of a single molecule — cleaner data interpretation |
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| Molecule size | 1419.5 and ≈4963 g/mol — a large difference | 1419.5 g/mol |
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| Storage before reconstitution | Refrigerated or frozen | Room temperature (capsule) or refrigerated (injectable) |
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| Storage after reconstitution | Refrigeration mandatory | Refrigeration (injectable form only) |
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| Consumables required | Bacteriostatic water, syringes, sterile vials | None (capsule) or the same (injectable) |
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| Suitability for a controlled single-mechanism experiment | Lower — the two actions cannot be separated | Higher |
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